Interview de Eric Racine directeur de l'Unité de Recherche en Neuroéthique de l'IRCM / D NANCY in FORUM HEBDOMADAIRE D'INFORMATION (03/11/08, [17/11/2008])

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inFORUM HEBDOMADAIRE D'INFORMATION > 03/11/08 [17/11/2008] Titre : Interview de Eric Racine directeur de l'Unité de Recherche en Neuroéthique de l'IRCM Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D NANCY, Auteur Langues : Français (fre)   [article] Interview de Eric Racine directeur de l'Unité de Recherche en Neuroéthique de l'IRCM [texte imprimé] / D NANCY, Auteur. Langues : Français (fre) inFORUM HEBDOMADAIRE D'INFORMATION > 03/11/08 [17/11/2008]

FORUM HEBDOMADAIRE D'INFORMATION

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles  Titre : FORUM HEBDOMADAIRE D'INFORMATION Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL (MONTREAL) Langues : Français (fre)   [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles FORUM HEBDOMADAIRE D'INFORMATION [texte imprimé] . - MONTREAL : UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL. Langues : Français (fre)

Ethique et Douleur: quelques réflexions / FRANCO I in DOULEURS (2008/09, [13/11/2008])

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inDOULEURS > 2008/09 [13/11/2008] . - 237-239 Titre : Ethique et Douleur: quelques réflexions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : FRANCO I, Auteur Article en page(s) : 237-239 Langues : Français (fre)   [article] Ethique et Douleur: quelques réflexions [texte imprimé] / FRANCO I, Auteur . - 237-239. Langues : Français (fre) inDOULEURS > 2008/09 [13/11/2008] . - 237-239

DOULEURS

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles  Titre : DOULEURS : Evaluation, diagnostic, traitement Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : Masson (Cedex 9 Issy-les-Moulineaux) ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 1624-5687 Langues : Français (fre)   [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles DOULEURS [texte imprimé] = Evaluation, diagnostic, traitement . - Cedex 9 Issy-les-Moulineaux (Issy-les-Moulineaux, 92789, France) : Masson. ISSN : 1624-5687 Langues : Français (fre)

Clock genes beyond the clock: CLOCK genotype biases neural correlates of moral valence decision in depressed patients. / BENEDETTI F in GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR (Vol. 7(1), 2008)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inGENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR > Vol. 7(1) (2008) . - 20-5 Titre : Clock genes beyond the clock: CLOCK genotype biases neural correlates of moral valence decision in depressed patients. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : BENEDETTI F; BERNASCONI A; COLOMBO C; DALLASPEZIA S; FALINI A; LORENZI C; RADAELLI D; SCOTTI G; SMERALDI E Article en page(s) : 20-5 Note générale : doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00312.x pubmed:17428266   Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Alleles  Arousal  Circadian Rhythm  Decision Making  Depressive Disorder, Major  Female  Genotype  Gyrus Cinguli  Heterozygote Detection  Homozygote  Humans  Image Enhancement  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Middle Aged  Morals  Motor Activity  Neuropsychological Tests  Oxygen  Semantics  Trans-Activators   Résumé : Gene polymorphisms in the mammalian biological clock system influence individual rhythms. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3' flanking region of CLOCK (3111 T/C; rs1801260) influenced diurnal preference in healthy humans and caused sleep phase delay and insomnia in patients affected by bipolar disorder. Genes of the biological clock are expressed in many brain structures other than in the 'master clock' suprachiasmatic nuclei. These areas, such as cingulate cortex, are involved in the control of many human behaviors. Clock genes could then bias 'nonclock' functions such as information processing and decision making. Thirty inpatients affected by a major depressive episode underwent blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The cognitive activation paradigm was based on a go/no-go task. Morally connoted words were presented. Genotyping of CLOCK was performed for each patients. We measured activity levels through actimetry during the day before the fMRI study. CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP was associated with activity levels in the second part of the day, neuropsychological performance and BOLD fMRI correlates (interaction of genotype and moral valence of the stimuli). Our results support the hypothesis that individual clock genotype may influence several variables linked with human behaviors in normal and psychopathological conditions. [article] Clock genes beyond the clock: CLOCK genotype biases neural correlates of moral valence decision in depressed patients. [texte imprimé] / BENEDETTI F; BERNASCONI A; COLOMBO C; DALLASPEZIA S; FALINI A; LORENZI C; RADAELLI D; SCOTTI G; SMERALDI E . - 20-5. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00312.x pubmed:17428266 inGENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR > Vol. 7(1) (2008) . - 20-5   Mots-clés : Adult  Aged  Alleles  Arousal  Circadian Rhythm  Decision Making  Depressive Disorder, Major  Female  Genotype  Gyrus Cinguli  Heterozygote Detection  Homozygote  Humans  Image Enhancement  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Middle Aged  Morals  Motor Activity  Neuropsychological Tests  Oxygen  Semantics  Trans-Activators   Résumé : Gene polymorphisms in the mammalian biological clock system influence individual rhythms. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3' flanking region of CLOCK (3111 T/C; rs1801260) influenced diurnal preference in healthy humans and caused sleep phase delay and insomnia in patients affected by bipolar disorder. Genes of the biological clock are expressed in many brain structures other than in the 'master clock' suprachiasmatic nuclei. These areas, such as cingulate cortex, are involved in the control of many human behaviors. Clock genes could then bias 'nonclock' functions such as information processing and decision making. Thirty inpatients affected by a major depressive episode underwent blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The cognitive activation paradigm was based on a go/no-go task. Morally connoted words were presented. Genotyping of CLOCK was performed for each patients. We measured activity levels through actimetry during the day before the fMRI study. CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP was associated with activity levels in the second part of the day, neuropsychological performance and BOLD fMRI correlates (interaction of genotype and moral valence of the stimuli). Our results support the hypothesis that individual clock genotype may influence several variables linked with human behaviors in normal and psychopathological conditions.

Current clinical research environment: focus on psychiatry. / DAINESI SM in REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) (Vol. 29(3), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inREVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) > Vol. 29(3) (2007) . - 283-90 Titre : Current clinical research environment: focus on psychiatry. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : DAINESI SM; ELKIS H Article en page(s) : 283-90 Note générale : pubmed:17713687   Mots-clés : Biomedical Research  Brazil  Clinical Trials as Topic  Conflict of Interest  Guideline Adherence  Humans  Information Services  International Cooperation  Multicenter Studies as Topic  National Health Programs  Practice Guidelines as Topic  Psychiatry  Registries  Research Design   Résumé : The introduction of international guidelines on Good Clinical Practices (GCP) in 1996, immediately followed by the publication of Resolution CNS 196/96 in Brazil, created a great opportunity for Brazilian research centers to participate in international trials. Such studies must be strictly monitored in order to assure compliance with the regulations, as well as with the standards of patient safety. Clear agreement among the investigator, the sponsor and the institution carrying out the study must be previously defined in order to avoid any conflicts of interest during or after the study. Operational aspects, such as the time needed to gain regulatory approval of the study design, strategies for patient recruitment/retention and appropriate logistics, are also important. In 2005, the Brazilian National Clinical Research Network was established, bringing together a number of research centers in teaching hospitals. The objective was to subsidize public clinical research with state-of-the-art practices and appropriate technical/scientific training programs. The development of research protocols that prioritize public health care needs in Brazil is other fundamental goal of this network. This article addresses general aspects of clinical research, as well as some specific issues in psychiatry. Improving the health and quality of life of the global population is certainly the major objective of all of the work done in this area. [article] Current clinical research environment: focus on psychiatry. [texte imprimé] / DAINESI SM; ELKIS H . - 283-90. pubmed:17713687 inREVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) > Vol. 29(3) (2007) . - 283-90   Mots-clés : Biomedical Research  Brazil  Clinical Trials as Topic  Conflict of Interest  Guideline Adherence  Humans  Information Services  International Cooperation  Multicenter Studies as Topic  National Health Programs  Practice Guidelines as Topic  Psychiatry  Registries  Research Design   Résumé : The introduction of international guidelines on Good Clinical Practices (GCP) in 1996, immediately followed by the publication of Resolution CNS 196/96 in Brazil, created a great opportunity for Brazilian research centers to participate in international trials. Such studies must be strictly monitored in order to assure compliance with the regulations, as well as with the standards of patient safety. Clear agreement among the investigator, the sponsor and the institution carrying out the study must be previously defined in order to avoid any conflicts of interest during or after the study. Operational aspects, such as the time needed to gain regulatory approval of the study design, strategies for patient recruitment/retention and appropriate logistics, are also important. In 2005, the Brazilian National Clinical Research Network was established, bringing together a number of research centers in teaching hospitals. The objective was to subsidize public clinical research with state-of-the-art practices and appropriate technical/scientific training programs. The development of research protocols that prioritize public health care needs in Brazil is other fundamental goal of this network. This article addresses general aspects of clinical research, as well as some specific issues in psychiatry. Improving the health and quality of life of the global population is certainly the major objective of all of the work done in this area.

Social inequality and common mental disorders. / MARíN-LEóN L in REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) (Vol. 29(3), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inREVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) > Vol. 29(3) (2007) . - 250-3 Titre : Social inequality and common mental disorders. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : MARíN-LEóN L; BARROS MB; BOTEGA NJ; DALGALARRONDO P; OLIVEIRA HB Article en page(s) : 250-3 Note générale : pubmed:17891254   Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Brazil  Demography  Employment  Epidemiologic Methods  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Disorders  Mental Health  Middle Aged  Social Class  Social Justice  Socioeconomic Factors  Urban Population   Résumé : OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and common mental disorders. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the urban population, 14 years and older, in Campinas (Brazil) (n=515) was conducted using a multipurpose instrument that included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess common mental disorders in the previous 3 months. Weighted prevalence of common mental disorders was calculated for each independent variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 17% (95% CI 12.8-22.3), 8.9% in males and 24.4% in females. An inverse association was found between common mental disorders and the socioeconomic characteristics (schooling and employment) even after controlling for all the other variables. Higher common mental disorders prevalence was observed in those with less than 5 years of schooling (PR=5.5) and unemployed or underemployed (PR=2.0). CONCLUSIONS: As in other studies, common mental disorders were unevenly distributed; it was significantly more frequent in socially disadvantaged individuals. Specific actions to reduce inequalities in the general and mental health system should be studied. [article] Social inequality and common mental disorders. [texte imprimé] / MARíN-LEóN L; BARROS MB; BOTEGA NJ; DALGALARRONDO P; OLIVEIRA HB . - 250-3. pubmed:17891254 inREVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) > Vol. 29(3) (2007) . - 250-3   Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Brazil  Demography  Employment  Epidemiologic Methods  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Disorders  Mental Health  Middle Aged  Social Class  Social Justice  Socioeconomic Factors  Urban Population   Résumé : OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and common mental disorders. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the urban population, 14 years and older, in Campinas (Brazil) (n=515) was conducted using a multipurpose instrument that included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess common mental disorders in the previous 3 months. Weighted prevalence of common mental disorders was calculated for each independent variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 17% (95% CI 12.8-22.3), 8.9% in males and 24.4% in females. An inverse association was found between common mental disorders and the socioeconomic characteristics (schooling and employment) even after controlling for all the other variables. Higher common mental disorders prevalence was observed in those with less than 5 years of schooling (PR=5.5) and unemployed or underemployed (PR=2.0). CONCLUSIONS: As in other studies, common mental disorders were unevenly distributed; it was significantly more frequent in socially disadvantaged individuals. Specific actions to reduce inequalities in the general and mental health system should be studied.

[Ethics, culture and media: who is guilty of eating disorders?] / VOLPE FM in REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) (Vol. 29(3), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inREVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) > Vol. 29(3) (2007) . - 294-5; author reply 295-6 Titre : [Ethics, culture and media: who is guilty of eating disorders?] Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : VOLPE FM Article en page(s) : 294-5; author reply 295-6 Note générale : pubmed:17891265   Mots-clés : Brazil  Culture  Eating Disorders  Ethics  Female  Humans  Mass Media  Occupational Diseases  Practice Guidelines as Topic  Thinness   [article] [Ethics, culture and media: who is guilty of eating disorders?] [texte imprimé] / VOLPE FM . - 294-5; author reply 295-6. pubmed:17891265 inREVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SãO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) > Vol. 29(3) (2007) . - 294-5; author reply 295-6   Mots-clés : Brazil  Culture  Eating Disorders  Ethics  Female  Humans  Mass Media  Occupational Diseases  Practice Guidelines as Topic  Thinness

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles  Titre : LIVER TRANSPLANTATION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY Type de document : texte imprimé   [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles LIVER TRANSPLANTATION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY [texte imprimé].

Public and professional attitudes to transplanting alcoholic patients. / NEUBERGER J in LIVER TRANSPLANTATION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY (Vol. 13(11 Suppl 2), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inLIVER TRANSPLANTATION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY > Vol. 13(11 Suppl 2) (2007) . - S65-8 Titre : Public and professional attitudes to transplanting alcoholic patients. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : NEUBERGER J Article en page(s) : S65-8 Note générale : doi:10.1002/lt.21337 pubmed:17969090   Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Alcoholism  Attitude  Ethics, Medical  Female  Humans  Infant  Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic  Liver Diseases, Alcoholic  Liver Transplantation  Male  Middle Aged  Patient Selection  Resource Allocation  Tissue and Organ Procurement   Résumé : The discrepancy between the number of people who might benefit from liver transplantation continues to exceed the availability of donor livers available, so rationing of grafts must occur. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an excellent indication for liver transplantation, with outcomes at least as good as for other indications.ALD remains a controversial indication for liver transplantation. There is no robust evidence that public disquiet over distribution of donor livers to those with ALD (even if they return to alcohol) greatly affects organ donation, although this does not mean there is no consequence of such disquiet. Numerous surveys of the general public, patients, and health care professionals indicate the these patients are thought to have lower priority for access to available liver grafts. Public education is required to demonstrate that patients with ALD are carefully selected for liver transplantation and available grafts are used with attention to equity, justice, and utility. [article] Public and professional attitudes to transplanting alcoholic patients. [texte imprimé] / NEUBERGER J . - S65-8. doi:10.1002/lt.21337 pubmed:17969090 inLIVER TRANSPLANTATION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY > Vol. 13(11 Suppl 2) (2007) . - S65-8   Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Alcoholism  Attitude  Ethics, Medical  Female  Humans  Infant  Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic  Liver Diseases, Alcoholic  Liver Transplantation  Male  Middle Aged  Patient Selection  Resource Allocation  Tissue and Organ Procurement   Résumé : The discrepancy between the number of people who might benefit from liver transplantation continues to exceed the availability of donor livers available, so rationing of grafts must occur. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an excellent indication for liver transplantation, with outcomes at least as good as for other indications.ALD remains a controversial indication for liver transplantation. There is no robust evidence that public disquiet over distribution of donor livers to those with ALD (even if they return to alcohol) greatly affects organ donation, although this does not mean there is no consequence of such disquiet. Numerous surveys of the general public, patients, and health care professionals indicate the these patients are thought to have lower priority for access to available liver grafts. Public education is required to demonstrate that patients with ALD are carefully selected for liver transplantation and available grafts are used with attention to equity, justice, and utility.

Avoiding errors about 'margins of error'. / MOSSMAN D in THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE (Vol. 191, 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE > Vol. 191 (2007) . - 561; author reply 561-2 Titre : Avoiding errors about 'margins of error'. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : MOSSMAN D; SELLKE T Article en page(s) : 561; author reply 561-2 Note générale : doi:10.1192/bjp.191.6.561 pubmed:18055965   Mots-clés : Actuarial Analysis  Diagnostic Errors  Female  Humans  Male  Personality Disorders  Recurrence  Reproducibility of Results  Risk Assessment   [article] Avoiding errors about 'margins of error'. [texte imprimé] / MOSSMAN D; SELLKE T . - 561; author reply 561-2. doi:10.1192/bjp.191.6.561 pubmed:18055965 inTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE > Vol. 191 (2007) . - 561; author reply 561-2   Mots-clés : Actuarial Analysis  Diagnostic Errors  Female  Humans  Male  Personality Disorders  Recurrence  Reproducibility of Results  Risk Assessment

Psychiatry and faith-based organisations. / MASIL S in THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE (Vol. 191, 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE > Vol. 191 (2007) . - 564-5; author reply 565 Titre : Psychiatry and faith-based organisations. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : MASIL S Article en page(s) : 564-5; author reply 565 Note générale : doi:10.1192/bjp.191.6.564b pubmed:18055970   Mots-clés : Community Mental Health Services  Female  Humans  Male  Pastoral Care  Religion and Psychology   [article] Psychiatry and faith-based organisations. [texte imprimé] / MASIL S . - 564-5; author reply 565. doi:10.1192/bjp.191.6.564b pubmed:18055970 inTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE > Vol. 191 (2007) . - 564-5; author reply 565   Mots-clés : Community Mental Health Services  Female  Humans  Male  Pastoral Care  Religion and Psychology

The need for culture sensitive diagnostic procedures: a study among psychotic patients in Morocco. / ZANDI T in SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY (Vol. 43(3), 2008)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inSOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY > Vol. 43(3) (2008) . - 244-50 Titre : The need for culture sensitive diagnostic procedures: a study among psychotic patients in Morocco. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : ZANDI T; HAVENAAR JM; KADRI N; KAHN RS; LIMBURG-OKKEN AG; SIDALI S; VAN DEN BRINK W; VAN ES H Article en page(s) : 244-50 Note générale : doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0290-0 pubmed:18060339   Mots-clés : Cultural Diversity  Culture  Diagnosis, Differential  Female  Health Services Needs and Demand  Humans  Incidence  Male  Morocco  Netherlands  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Psychotic Disorders  Sensitivity and Specificity   Résumé : OBJECTIVE: We examine the procedural validity of a standardized instrument for the diagnosis of psychotic disorders in Morocco. METHOD: Twenty-nine patients from Casablanca, Morocco, with a psychotic or mood disorder were examined using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH) an adapted version using cultural formulation to make the instrument more culturally sensitive (CASH-CS). Chance corrected agreement was calculated between diagnoses based on these two versions of CASH and independent clinical diagnoses according to local psychiatrists. RESULTS: Agreement for traditional CASH versus clinical diagnosis and for CASH versus CASH-CS was low (kappa = -0.19; SD 0.16 and kappa = 0.21; SD 0.16, respectively). De CASH-CS, showed good agreement with clinical diagnosis (kappa = 0.79; SD 0.11). CONCLUSION: Standardized instruments for the assessment of psychosis such as the CASH may be liable to cultural misinterpretations. This may be relevant to the interpretation of the high incidence rates of schizophrenia among immigrants. SIGNIFICANT OUTCOMES: Agreement between a culturally naïve version of a standardized diagnostic instrument for the assessment of psychosis and clinical diagnosis by Moroccan psychiatrists is poor. Adding additional probes and decision rules based on cultural formulation improves agreement with clinical diagnosis significantly. LIMITATIONS: The study was conducted in a small sample. Both versions of CASH were administered by the same interviewer in a single interview session. [article] The need for culture sensitive diagnostic procedures: a study among psychotic patients in Morocco. [texte imprimé] / ZANDI T; HAVENAAR JM; KADRI N; KAHN RS; LIMBURG-OKKEN AG; SIDALI S; VAN DEN BRINK W; VAN ES H . - 244-50. doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0290-0 pubmed:18060339 inSOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY > Vol. 43(3) (2008) . - 244-50   Mots-clés : Cultural Diversity  Culture  Diagnosis, Differential  Female  Health Services Needs and Demand  Humans  Incidence  Male  Morocco  Netherlands  Psychiatric Status Rating Scales  Psychotic Disorders  Sensitivity and Specificity   Résumé : OBJECTIVE: We examine the procedural validity of a standardized instrument for the diagnosis of psychotic disorders in Morocco. METHOD: Twenty-nine patients from Casablanca, Morocco, with a psychotic or mood disorder were examined using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH) an adapted version using cultural formulation to make the instrument more culturally sensitive (CASH-CS). Chance corrected agreement was calculated between diagnoses based on these two versions of CASH and independent clinical diagnoses according to local psychiatrists. RESULTS: Agreement for traditional CASH versus clinical diagnosis and for CASH versus CASH-CS was low (kappa = -0.19; SD 0.16 and kappa = 0.21; SD 0.16, respectively). De CASH-CS, showed good agreement with clinical diagnosis (kappa = 0.79; SD 0.11). CONCLUSION: Standardized instruments for the assessment of psychosis such as the CASH may be liable to cultural misinterpretations. This may be relevant to the interpretation of the high incidence rates of schizophrenia among immigrants. SIGNIFICANT OUTCOMES: Agreement between a culturally naïve version of a standardized diagnostic instrument for the assessment of psychosis and clinical diagnosis by Moroccan psychiatrists is poor. Adding additional probes and decision rules based on cultural formulation improves agreement with clinical diagnosis significantly. LIMITATIONS: The study was conducted in a small sample. Both versions of CASH were administered by the same interviewer in a single interview session.

Neuroprotection at the nanolevel--Part II: Nanodevices for neuromodulation--deep brain stimulation and spinal cord injury. / ANDREWS RJ in ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Vol. 1122, 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES > Vol. 1122 (2007) . - 185-96 Titre : Neuroprotection at the nanolevel--Part II: Nanodevices for neuromodulation--deep brain stimulation and spinal cord injury. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : ANDREWS RJ Article en page(s) : 185-96 Note générale : doi:10.1196/annals.1403.013 pubmed:18077573   Mots-clés : Animals  Deep Brain Stimulation  Humans  Nanotechnology  Nanotubes, Carbon  Neurons  Spinal Cord Injuries   Résumé : Nanotechniques presented in this article's companion report are being multiplexed into nanodevices that promise to greatly advance our understanding and treatment of many nervous system disorders. Current neuromodulation techniques for deep brain stimulation have major drawbacks, such as large size (in comparison with ideal of small neuron group stimulation), lack of feedback monitoring of brain electrical activity, and high electrical current needs. Carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays address these drawbacks and offer the possibility of monitoring neurotransmitter levels at the synapse/neuronal level in real time. Such arrays can monitor and modulate electrochemical events occurring among neural networks, which should add greatly to our understanding of neuronal communication. A multiplex nanodevice for studying (and enhancing) axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury is also being developed. The nanotechniques described in the companion piece are combined in a micron-sized neural growth tube lined with nanodevices through which the regenerating axon extends--allowing continuous monitoring and modulation of the axon's electrochemical environment plus directional guidance with a biodegradable nanoscaffold. Multifunction nanodevices provide opportunities for neuronal (and subneuronal) monitoring and modulation that will enhance neuroprotection and neurorepair far beyond the micro- and macrolevel techniques used heretofore. [article] Neuroprotection at the nanolevel--Part II: Nanodevices for neuromodulation--deep brain stimulation and spinal cord injury. [texte imprimé] / ANDREWS RJ . - 185-96. doi:10.1196/annals.1403.013 pubmed:18077573 inANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES > Vol. 1122 (2007) . - 185-96   Mots-clés : Animals  Deep Brain Stimulation  Humans  Nanotechnology  Nanotubes, Carbon  Neurons  Spinal Cord Injuries   Résumé : Nanotechniques presented in this article's companion report are being multiplexed into nanodevices that promise to greatly advance our understanding and treatment of many nervous system disorders. Current neuromodulation techniques for deep brain stimulation have major drawbacks, such as large size (in comparison with ideal of small neuron group stimulation), lack of feedback monitoring of brain electrical activity, and high electrical current needs. Carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays address these drawbacks and offer the possibility of monitoring neurotransmitter levels at the synapse/neuronal level in real time. Such arrays can monitor and modulate electrochemical events occurring among neural networks, which should add greatly to our understanding of neuronal communication. A multiplex nanodevice for studying (and enhancing) axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury is also being developed. The nanotechniques described in the companion piece are combined in a micron-sized neural growth tube lined with nanodevices through which the regenerating axon extends--allowing continuous monitoring and modulation of the axon's electrochemical environment plus directional guidance with a biodegradable nanoscaffold. Multifunction nanodevices provide opportunities for neuronal (and subneuronal) monitoring and modulation that will enhance neuroprotection and neurorepair far beyond the micro- and macrolevel techniques used heretofore.

[Socialpsychiatric and ethical reflections about prevention of schizophrenic disorders] / MACHLEIDT W in FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE (Vol. 76(2), 2008)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inFORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE > Vol. 76(2) (2008) . - 97-104 Titre : [Socialpsychiatric and ethical reflections about prevention of schizophrenic disorders] Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : MACHLEIDT W; BRüGGEMANN BR Article en page(s) : 97-104 Note générale : doi:10.1055/s-2007-996167 pubmed:18175276   Mots-clés : Antipsychotic Agents  Community Psychiatry  Humans  Schizophrenia  Schizophrenic Psychology  Stereotyping   Résumé : PROBLEM: In the last years there has been a shift from curative to preventive objectives in politics (prevention law) and medicine, by which socialpsychiatric practice also is affected. This requires a critical reflection about ethical, methodical and therapeutic problems of the prevention of psychological disorders--especially schizophrenic psychosis. ARGUMENTS: Studies dealing with the prodromal stage of schizophrenia point to a successful early detection and intervention. But also negative consequences like stigmatization and side effects by psychotherapeutic or pharmacologic interventions should be taken into account. CONCLUSION: Under critical consideration of the ethical principles of not causing harm, acting for the well-being and the person's right of self-determination prevention should play a larger role in psychiatry. Therefore further empirical studies about the efficacy of early detection and intervention are needed. [article] [Socialpsychiatric and ethical reflections about prevention of schizophrenic disorders] [texte imprimé] / MACHLEIDT W; BRüGGEMANN BR . - 97-104. doi:10.1055/s-2007-996167 pubmed:18175276 inFORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE > Vol. 76(2) (2008) . - 97-104   Mots-clés : Antipsychotic Agents  Community Psychiatry  Humans  Schizophrenia  Schizophrenic Psychology  Stereotyping   Résumé : PROBLEM: In the last years there has been a shift from curative to preventive objectives in politics (prevention law) and medicine, by which socialpsychiatric practice also is affected. This requires a critical reflection about ethical, methodical and therapeutic problems of the prevention of psychological disorders--especially schizophrenic psychosis. ARGUMENTS: Studies dealing with the prodromal stage of schizophrenia point to a successful early detection and intervention. But also negative consequences like stigmatization and side effects by psychotherapeutic or pharmacologic interventions should be taken into account. CONCLUSION: Under critical consideration of the ethical principles of not causing harm, acting for the well-being and the person's right of self-determination prevention should play a larger role in psychiatry. Therefore further empirical studies about the efficacy of early detection and intervention are needed.

Decision-making involvement of individuals with dementia. / MENNE HL in THE GERONTOLOGIST (Vol. 47(6), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inTHE GERONTOLOGIST > Vol. 47(6) (2007) . - 810-9 Titre : Decision-making involvement of individuals with dementia. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : MENNE HL; WHITLATCH CJ Article en page(s) : 810-9 Note générale : pubmed:18192634   Mots-clés : Age Distribution  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Caregivers  Decision Making  Dementia  Female  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Ohio  Personal Autonomy  Regression Analysis  San Francisco  Sex Distribution  Stress, Psychological   Résumé : PURPOSE: Research underscores how autonomy and decision-making involvement may help to enhance the quality of life of older adults; however, individuals with dementia are often excluded from decision making that is related to their daily functioning. In this study we use a modified version of the Stress Process Model to consider the stress process of individuals with chronic illness, and in particular to explore the predictors of decision-making involvement among individuals with dementia (n = 215). DESIGN AND METHODS: We collected data from individual with dementia (IWD)-family caregiver dyads. Relying primarily on data from the IWD, we used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to determine the predictors of the IWD's decision-making involvement. RESULTS: Results indicate that individuals who report more decision-making involvement are younger, female, have more education, have a nonspousal caregiver, have fewer months since their diagnosis, exhibit fewer problems with activities of daily living and fewer depressive symptoms (based on caregiver report), and place more importance on autonomy/self-identity. IMPLICATIONS: In our discussion we examine the importance of autonomy and impairment levels for understanding the decision-making involvement of persons with dementia. [article] Decision-making involvement of individuals with dementia. [texte imprimé] / MENNE HL; WHITLATCH CJ . - 810-9. pubmed:18192634 inTHE GERONTOLOGIST > Vol. 47(6) (2007) . - 810-9   Mots-clés : Age Distribution  Aged  Aged, 80 and over  Caregivers  Decision Making  Dementia  Female  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Ohio  Personal Autonomy  Regression Analysis  San Francisco  Sex Distribution  Stress, Psychological   Résumé : PURPOSE: Research underscores how autonomy and decision-making involvement may help to enhance the quality of life of older adults; however, individuals with dementia are often excluded from decision making that is related to their daily functioning. In this study we use a modified version of the Stress Process Model to consider the stress process of individuals with chronic illness, and in particular to explore the predictors of decision-making involvement among individuals with dementia (n = 215). DESIGN AND METHODS: We collected data from individual with dementia (IWD)-family caregiver dyads. Relying primarily on data from the IWD, we used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to determine the predictors of the IWD's decision-making involvement. RESULTS: Results indicate that individuals who report more decision-making involvement are younger, female, have more education, have a nonspousal caregiver, have fewer months since their diagnosis, exhibit fewer problems with activities of daily living and fewer depressive symptoms (based on caregiver report), and place more importance on autonomy/self-identity. IMPLICATIONS: In our discussion we examine the importance of autonomy and impairment levels for understanding the decision-making involvement of persons with dementia.

AJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles  Titre : AJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY Type de document : texte imprimé   [périodique] Voir les bulletins disponibles AJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY [texte imprimé].

Low-grade glioma: correlation of short echo time 1H-MR spectroscopy with 23Na MR imaging. / BARTHA R in AJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY (Vol. 29(3), 2008)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inAJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY > Vol. 29(3) (2008) . - 464-70 Titre : Low-grade glioma: correlation of short echo time 1H-MR spectroscopy with 23Na MR imaging. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : BARTHA R; MEGYESI JF; WATLING CJ Article en page(s) : 464-70 Note générale : doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0854 pubmed:18238848   Mots-clés : Adult  Aspartic Acid  Brain  Brain Neoplasms  Female  Glioma  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy  Male  Protons  Sodium  Sodium Isotopes  Statistics as Topic   Résumé : BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is considerable variability in the clinical behavior and treatment response of low-grade (WHO grade II) gliomas. The purpose of this work was to characterize the metabolic profile of low-grade gliomas by using short echo time (1)H-MR spectroscopy and to correlate metabolite levels with MR imaging-measured sodium ((23)Na) signal intensity. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and increased myo-inositol (mIns), choline (Cho), glutamate (Glu), and (23)Na signal intensity in glioma tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained for all of the subjects. Proton ((1)H-MR) spectroscopy (TR/TE = 2200/46 ms) and sodium ((23)Na) MR imaging were performed at 4T in 13 subjects (6 women and 7 men; mean age, 44 years) with suspected low-grade glioma. Absolute metabolite levels were quantified, and relative (23)Na levels were measured in low-grade glioma and compared with the contralateral side in the same patients. Two-sided Student t tests were used to test for statistical significance. RESULTS: Significant decreases were observed for NAA (P < .001) and Glu (P = .004), and increases were observed for mIns (P = .003), Cho (P = .025), and sodium signal intensity (P < .001) in low-grade glioma tissue. Significant correlations (r(2) > 0.25) were observed between NAA and Glu (P < .05) and between NAA and mIns (P < .01). Significant correlations were also observed between (23)Na signal intensity and NAA (P < .01) and between (23)Na signal intensity and Glu (P < .01). Ratios of NAA/mIns, NAA/(23)Na, and NAA/Cho were altered in glioma tissue (P < .001); however based on the t statistic, NAA/(23)Na (t = 9.6) was the most significant, followed by NAA/mIns (t = 6.1), and NAA/Cho (t = 5.0). CONCLUSION: Although Glu concentration is reduced and mIns concentration is elevated in low-grade glioma tissue, the NAA/(23)Na ratio was the most sensitive indicator of pathologic tissue. [article] Low-grade glioma: correlation of short echo time 1H-MR spectroscopy with 23Na MR imaging. [texte imprimé] / BARTHA R; MEGYESI JF; WATLING CJ . - 464-70. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0854 pubmed:18238848 inAJNR. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY > Vol. 29(3) (2008) . - 464-70   Mots-clés : Adult  Aspartic Acid  Brain  Brain Neoplasms  Female  Glioma  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy  Male  Protons  Sodium  Sodium Isotopes  Statistics as Topic   Résumé : BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is considerable variability in the clinical behavior and treatment response of low-grade (WHO grade II) gliomas. The purpose of this work was to characterize the metabolic profile of low-grade gliomas by using short echo time (1)H-MR spectroscopy and to correlate metabolite levels with MR imaging-measured sodium ((23)Na) signal intensity. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and increased myo-inositol (mIns), choline (Cho), glutamate (Glu), and (23)Na signal intensity in glioma tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained for all of the subjects. Proton ((1)H-MR) spectroscopy (TR/TE = 2200/46 ms) and sodium ((23)Na) MR imaging were performed at 4T in 13 subjects (6 women and 7 men; mean age, 44 years) with suspected low-grade glioma. Absolute metabolite levels were quantified, and relative (23)Na levels were measured in low-grade glioma and compared with the contralateral side in the same patients. Two-sided Student t tests were used to test for statistical significance. RESULTS: Significant decreases were observed for NAA (P < .001) and Glu (P = .004), and increases were observed for mIns (P = .003), Cho (P = .025), and sodium signal intensity (P < .001) in low-grade glioma tissue. Significant correlations (r(2) > 0.25) were observed between NAA and Glu (P < .05) and between NAA and mIns (P < .01). Significant correlations were also observed between (23)Na signal intensity and NAA (P < .01) and between (23)Na signal intensity and Glu (P < .01). Ratios of NAA/mIns, NAA/(23)Na, and NAA/Cho were altered in glioma tissue (P < .001); however based on the t statistic, NAA/(23)Na (t = 9.6) was the most significant, followed by NAA/mIns (t = 6.1), and NAA/Cho (t = 5.0). CONCLUSION: Although Glu concentration is reduced and mIns concentration is elevated in low-grade glioma tissue, the NAA/(23)Na ratio was the most sensitive indicator of pathologic tissue.

Patient autonomy and relatives'right to know genetic information. / GILBAR R in MEDICINE AND LAW (Vol. 26(4), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inMEDICINE AND LAW > Vol. 26(4) (2007) . - 677-97 Titre : Patient autonomy and relatives'right to know genetic information. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : GILBAR R Article en page(s) : 677-97 Note générale : pubmed:18284110   Mots-clés : Cross-Cultural Comparison  Duty to Warn  England  Family Health  Genetic Privacy  Humans  Israel  Personal Autonomy  Physician-Patient Relations  Professional-Family Relations   Résumé : One of the most difficult issues doctors face is a conflict between their professional duties. Such a conflict may arise when doctors know that information has implications not only for patients but also for family members but their duty of confidentiality prevents them from disclosing it. A comparative analysis of English and Israeli medical law reveals that the doctors' duty is based on two principles: a liberal perception of patient autonomy and an overriding utilitarian principle of prevention of harm. However, socio-medical research indicates that these principles do not entirely reflect the views of patients and doctors and are too narrow to deal with the complex situations in practice. Thus, it is argued that the doctor's legal duty of confidentiality should be reconsidered and qualified when it concerns the family. It is suggested that if medical law seeks to recognize the various interests family members have in genetic information then we should consider a different approach, founded on a relational interpretation of autonomy and communitarian notions of solidarity and moral responsibility. This approach perceives confidentiality and privacy as embracing the family unit, based on the view that close relatives are not entirely outside the private sphere of the individual but rather are integral to his or her identity. Thus, to the utilitarian mechanism available in medical law this approach adds a social criterion: The effect any decision (to disclose or not to disclose) will have on the familial relationship and on the dynamics of the particular family. This will provide a more flexible and workable alternative for doctors to resolve familial tensions over access to genetic information. [article] Patient autonomy and relatives'right to know genetic information. [texte imprimé] / GILBAR R . - 677-97. pubmed:18284110 inMEDICINE AND LAW > Vol. 26(4) (2007) . - 677-97   Mots-clés : Cross-Cultural Comparison  Duty to Warn  England  Family Health  Genetic Privacy  Humans  Israel  Personal Autonomy  Physician-Patient Relations  Professional-Family Relations   Résumé : One of the most difficult issues doctors face is a conflict between their professional duties. Such a conflict may arise when doctors know that information has implications not only for patients but also for family members but their duty of confidentiality prevents them from disclosing it. A comparative analysis of English and Israeli medical law reveals that the doctors' duty is based on two principles: a liberal perception of patient autonomy and an overriding utilitarian principle of prevention of harm. However, socio-medical research indicates that these principles do not entirely reflect the views of patients and doctors and are too narrow to deal with the complex situations in practice. Thus, it is argued that the doctor's legal duty of confidentiality should be reconsidered and qualified when it concerns the family. It is suggested that if medical law seeks to recognize the various interests family members have in genetic information then we should consider a different approach, founded on a relational interpretation of autonomy and communitarian notions of solidarity and moral responsibility. This approach perceives confidentiality and privacy as embracing the family unit, based on the view that close relatives are not entirely outside the private sphere of the individual but rather are integral to his or her identity. Thus, to the utilitarian mechanism available in medical law this approach adds a social criterion: The effect any decision (to disclose or not to disclose) will have on the familial relationship and on the dynamics of the particular family. This will provide a more flexible and workable alternative for doctors to resolve familial tensions over access to genetic information.

Psychiatric nursing care in Brazil: legal and ethical aspects. / VENTURA CA in MEDICINE AND LAW (Vol. 26(4), 2007)

Public ISBD Aucun avis sur cette notice. [article]  inMEDICINE AND LAW > Vol. 26(4) (2007) . - 829-40 Titre : Psychiatric nursing care in Brazil: legal and ethical aspects. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : VENTURA CA; MENDES IA; TREVIZAN MA Article en page(s) : 829-40 Note générale : pubmed:18284121   Mots-clés : Brazil  Ethics, Nursing  Humans  Mental Disorders  Mentally Ill Persons  Nurse's Role  Nurse-Patient Relations  Patient Rights  Personal Autonomy  Psychiatric Nursing   Résumé : Human rights, considered as rights inherent to all human beings, must be respected unconditionally, especially during health care delivery. These rights became actually protected by International Law when the UN was created in 1945 and, later, when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948, giving rise to various subsequent treaties. Based on the historical evolution of Human Rights in the international sphere, associated with the principles of constitutional, penal and civil law and psychiatric patient rights in Brazil, we aim to understand some dilemmas of psychiatric nursing care: individuals' rights as psychiatric patients, hospitalization and nursing professionals' practice. In their practice, nurses attempt to conciliate patients' rights with their legal role and concerns with high-quality psychiatric care. In coping with these dilemmas, these professionals are active in three spheres: as health care providers, as employees of a health organization and as citizens. [article] Psychiatric nursing care in Brazil: legal and ethical aspects. [texte imprimé] / VENTURA CA; MENDES IA; TREVIZAN MA . - 829-40. pubmed:18284121 inMEDICINE AND LAW > Vol. 26(4) (2007) . - 829-40   Mots-clés : Brazil  Ethics, Nursing  Humans  Mental Disorders  Mentally Ill Persons  Nurse's Role  Nurse-Patient Relations  Patient Rights  Personal Autonomy  Psychiatric Nursing   Résumé : Human rights, considered as rights inherent to all human beings, must be respected unconditionally, especially during health care delivery. These rights became actually protected by International Law when the UN was created in 1945 and, later, when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948, giving rise to various subsequent treaties. Based on the historical evolution of Human Rights in the international sphere, associated with the principles of constitutional, penal and civil law and psychiatric patient rights in Brazil, we aim to understand some dilemmas of psychiatric nursing care: individuals' rights as psychiatric patients, hospitalization and nursing professionals' practice. In their practice, nurses attempt to conciliate patients' rights with their legal role and concerns with high-quality psychiatric care. In coping with these dilemmas, these professionals are active in three spheres: as health care providers, as employees of a health organization and as citizens.